Traumatic Brain Injury

A New Approach to TBI Risk Assessment

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Yet diagnosing mild and moderate TBI can be challenging with existing diagnostic methods.

69M

people experience TBI globally¹

80%

of TBIs are of mild severity²

Limitations of Current Diagnostic Methods

Glasgow Coma Scale

Subjective evaluation
Inaccurate 56% of the time³
Time-consuming

CT Scans

More than 90% of CT scans performed are considered unnecessary⁴
Only detects brain bleed 8% of the time⁵
Costly and time-consuming
Radiation up to 200 chest x-rays⁶

The NanoDx™ Tbit™ Test

The NanoDx™ System offers an objective alternative for assessing patients suspected of mild or moderate TBI at the point of care—quickly and cost-effectively*. Using our patented nano biosensor technology, the NanoDx™ Tbit™ test delivers accurate measurement of three biomarkers indicative of brain injury.

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Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)

GFAP acts like a clear reliable “red flag” that quickly reveals structural brain damage.

Scientific role: GFAP is a structural protein found in astrocytes—cells that support and protect neurons (Pekny & Pekna, 2016). It plays a critical role in maintaining the brain’s integrity.
When it shows up: After serious brain injury, astrocytes get damaged, and GFAP leaks into the bloodstream, acting as a marker of moderate-to-severe brain injury(Papa et al., 2016).

S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B (S100B)

Elevated or increasing S100B levels after initial trauma could signal secondary injury (e.g., ischemia, cerebral edema) before it becomes clinically apparent through imaging or neurological assessment.

Scientific role: S100B is primarily produced by astrocytes and plays a role in regulating intracellular calcium and neuron communication (Donato et al., 2013).
When it shows up: S100B increases after minor brain injuries and concussions, butits levels can also rise due to non-brain-related stress (Marchi et al., 2004).

Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1)

UCH-L1 can be viewed as the brain’s “distress signal” when brain cells become injured or damaged.

Scientific role: UCH-L1 is highly concentrated in neurons and is involved in theubiquitin-proteasome system, which removes damaged or misfolded proteins (Day& Thompson, 2010).
When it shows up: When neurons are damaged (e.g., during a concussion), UCH-L1leaks into the bloodstream, signaling brain cell injury (Mondello et al., 2012).